Abu Ali Husayn ibn Abdullah ibn al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Sina- (Pers. ابو علی حسین بن عبدالله بن سینا - Abū 'Alī Husein ibn' Abdallāh ibn Sinanu august, 16 August,) of the year - Hamadan, June 18, 1037) - a medieval Persian scholar, philosopher and doctor, a representative of Eastern Aristotelianism. He was a court physician of the Samanid emirs and Daimitian sultans, for some time was a vizier in Hamadan. In total, he wrote more than 450 works in 29 fields of science, of which only 274 reached us. The most famous and influential philosopher-scientist of the medieval Islamic world.
Biography
A boy from an early age showed exceptional abilities and giftedness. By the time he was ten years old, he knew by heart almost the entire Qur'an. He was then sent to study Muslim law at a school where he was the youngest. But soon even the most adult students of the school appreciated the boy’s mind and knowledge and came to consult him, although Hussein was only 12 years old. Later, he studied logic and philosophy, geometry and astronomy under the guidance of the scientist Abu Abdallah Natili who arrived in Bukhara. From the age of 14, the young man began to study independently. Both geometry, and astronomy, and music came easily to him, until he became acquainted with Aristotle's Metaphysics. In his autobiography, he mentioned that he had read this work several times, but could not understand it. Al-Farabi’s book with comments on Metaphysics helped in this.
At 16, Ibn Sina was invited to treat the emir of Bukhara himself. In his autobiography, Avicenna wrote: “I began to study medicine, replenishing the reading with the observations of patients, which taught me many methods of treatment that cannot be found in books.”
After the capture of Bukhara by the Turks and the fall of the Samanid dynasty in 1002, Ibn Sina went to Urgench, to the court of the rulers of Khorezm. Then he began to be called the "prince of doctors." In 1008, after the refusal of Ibn Sina to enter the service of Sultan Mahmud Ghaznevi, a prosperous life was replaced by years of wandering. He wrote some works in the saddle during his long journeys.
In 1015-1024 He lived in Hamadan, combining scientific activity with a very active participation in the political and state affairs of the emirate. For the successful treatment of the emir Shams al-Dawla, he received the position of vizier, but he made enemies in military circles. The emir rejected the military’s demand to execute Ibn Sin, but decided to remove him from his post and expel him outside his possessions. Forty days later, the emir suffered another attack of illness, which forced him to find a scientist and re-appoint him as his minister.
After the emir’s death, he was imprisoned in a fortress for trying to transfer to the service of the ruler of Isfahan for four months. The last fourteen years of his life (1023-1037) served in Isfahan at the court of the Emir Al al-Dawl, where favorable conditions for scientific activity were created for him. He was the chief physician and adviser to the emir, accompanied him even on military campaigns. During these years, Ibn Sina, spurred by criticism of his style, turned to the study of literature and philology. He also continued fruitful scientific work. Completed the "Canon of medical science." Many manuscripts of works, including The Book of Justice (Kitab ul-insaf), were burned during the attack on Isfahan by the Ghazni army. During one of the military campaigns of the ruler of Isfahan, Ibn Sina discovered a serious stomach illness, from which he could not cure himself. Ibn Sina died in June 1037, before dying, dictating a will to a stranger. In his will, he instructed to release all his slaves, having awarded them, and to distribute all his property to the poor.
Avicenna was buried in Hamadan near the city wall, and eight months later his ashes were transported to Isfahan and reburied in the emir’s mausoleum.
Ibn Sina was a scientist, obsessed with a research spirit and a desire for encyclopedic coverage of all modern branches of knowledge. The philosopher was distinguished by a phenomenal memory and sharpness of thought.